Doves and pigeons are usually mistaken for one another as they appear very much alike. People use the two names interchangeably, but both birds are different in some ways. Whether you are a bird lover, a pet bird owner, or just interested, it can be fascinating to learn about the differences between pigeons and doves. In this article, we will talk about the key differences, similarities, identification features, and some fun facts about pigeons and doves.
What Are Doves and Pigeons?
Both pigeons and doves are members of the same bird family, Columbidae, and over 300 species of birds exist worldwide. A bigger bird is called a pigeon and a smaller bird a dove by general convention. Scientifically, there is no sharp distinction between the two.
Rock Pigeon (Columba livia), for example, is a pigeon, but Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) is a dove. The distinction is mostly based on local and cultural use and not on biological difference.
Doves vs Pigeons : What Is The Major Differences
| Feature | Doves | Pigeons |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Smaller, slender body | Larger, stockier build |
| Coloration | Usually lighter (white, brown, gray) | More varied (gray, blue, iridescent) |
| Beak | Small and delicate | Sturdier with a fleshy cere |
| Tail | Longer and pointed | Shorter and rounded |
| Flight | Agile and fast | Strong but slower |
| Nesting | Trees and shrubs | Buildings, cliffs, and ledges |
| Behavior | Timid, often in pairs | Social, often in flocks |
| Sound | Soft, melodious cooing | Deeper, guttural cooing |
Key Similarities Between Doves and Pigeons
Since they belong to the same family, doves and pigeons share a great deal of similarities. Below is a comparison table showing their similarities:
| Feature | Doves & Pigeons |
|---|---|
| Family | Both belong to the Columbidae family |
| Diet | Mainly seeds, grains, and fruits |
| Nest Type | Build simple nests using twigs and leaves |
| Cooing Sounds | Both make soft cooing noises |
| Flying Ability | Strong fliers with rapid wingbeats |
| Mating Behavior | Monogamous, mate for life |
| Reproduction | Both lay 1-2 eggs per clutch |
| Parenting | Both parents feed young with crop milk |
| Lifespan | Live around 5-15 years |
How to Identify a Dove vs. a Pigeon
If you are trying to distinguish between a pigeon and a dove, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Observe the Size and Shape: If the bird is small, thin, and has a long tail, it’s a dove. If it’s big and stout, it’s likely a pigeon.
- Look at the Color: Lighter colors (white, beige, gray) indicate a dove. Dark and more iridescent colors indicate a pigeon.
- Check the Beak and Head: Doves have small beaks and smooth heads. Pigeons have a more noticeable cere at the base of the beak.
- Listen to the Sounds: Doves have a softer, more musical cooing. Pigeons have a deeper, rolling coo.
Interesting Facts About Doves and Pigeons
| Doves | Pigeons |
|---|---|
| Doves are often released in ceremonies as a symbol of peace. | Pigeons were used as messengers in wars due to their homing ability. |
| The Mourning Dove is one of the most common dove species in North America. | They can recognize themselves in a mirror, showing high intelligence. |
| Doves are known for their soothing cooing sounds. | Pigeons have been bred for racing, fancy shows, and even as pets. |
| They have excellent navigation skills and can find their way home from long distances. | Some pigeons can fly over 600 miles in a single day. |
| Doves play a significant role in various religious and cultural traditions. | The Rock Pigeon is the most common pigeon species worldwide. |
Dove vs. Pigeon: Which One is Right for You as a Pet?
Both require good care, a clean cage, good food, and good socialization.These Both can be wonderful pets, but they have different personalities:
- Doves: Best for someone who desires a calm, quiet bird that requires little attention.
- Pigeons: Better for someone who desires a more lively bird that enjoys people contact and can be trained.
Conclusion
While pigeons and doves are much alike, they also have quite obvious differences that set them apart. Doves are smaller, more delicate, and more calm, while pigeons are larger, more social, and tend to reside in cities.
Understand their differences will help you properly identify them, appreciate their unique features, and even choose which bird would be best suited for you as a pet. Have you had any experience with pigeons or doves? Let us know in the comments!
